Pharmacology Mnemonics

morphine: side-effects morphine:
myosis
out of it (sedation)
respiratory depression
pneumonia (aspiration)
hypotension
infrequency (constipation, urinary retention)
nausea
emesis


tricyclic antidepressants: members worth knowing
"i have to hide, the cia is after me":
clomipramine imipramine amitrptyline
· if want the next 3 worth knowing, the dndis also after me:
desipramine norrtriptyline doxepin

patent ductus arteriosus: treatment
"come in and close the door": indomethacin is used to close pda

siadh-inducing drugs abcd:
analgesics: opioids, nsaids
barbiturates
cyclophosphamide/ chlorpromazine/ carbamazepine
diuretic (thiazide)

vir-named drugs: use"-vir at start, middle or end means for virus": · drugs:
abacavir,
acyclovir,
amprenavir,
cidofovir,
denavir,
efavirenz,
indavir,
invirase,
famvir,
ganciclovir,
norvir,
oseltamivir,
penciclovir,
ritonavir,
saquinavir,
valacyclovir,
viracept,
viramune,
zanamivir,
zovirax.

phenobarbitone: side effects
children are annoying (hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression).
adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).

[color=#333333]thrombolytic agents usa:
urokinase streptokinase alteplase (tpa)



narcotic antagonists
the narcotic antagonists are naloxone and naltrexone. · important clinically to treat narcotic overdose.


routes of entry: most rapid ways meds/toxins enter body
"stick it, sniff it, suck it, soak it":
stick = injection
sniff = inhalation
suck = ingestion
soak = absorption

anticholinergic side effects
"know the abcd's of anticholinergic side effects":
anorexia
blurry vision
constipation/ confusion
dry mouth
sedation/ stasis of urine


atropine use: tachycardia or bradycardia
"a goes with b": atropine used clinically to treat bradycardia.


aspirin: side effects aspirin:
asthma
salicyalism
peptic ulcer disease/ phosphorylation-oxidation uncoupling/ pph/ platelet disaggregation/ premature closure of pda
intestinal blood loss
reye's syndrome
idiosyncracy
noise (tinnitus)


morphine: effects at mu receptor pear:
physical dependence
euphoria
analgesia
respiratory depression

beta-1 vs beta-2 receptor location "you have 1 heart and 2 lungs":
beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart. beta-2 primarily on lungs.

ssris: side effects ssri:
serotonin syndrome
stimulate cns
reproductive disfunctions in male
insomnia


warfarin: action, monitoring wept:
warfarin works on the extrinsic pathway and is monitored by pt.


propranolol and related '-olol' drugs: usage"olol" is just two backwards lower case b's. backward b's stand for "beta blocker". · beta blockers include acebutolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, oxprenolol, propranolol.


depression: 5 drugs causing it proms:
propranolol
reserpine
oral contraceptives
methyldopa
steroids

lead poisoning: presentation abcdefg:
anemia
basophilic stripping
colicky pain
diarrhea
encephalopathy
foot drop
gum (lead line)


cholinergics (eg organophosphates): effects
if you know these, you will be "less dumb":
lacrimation
excitation of nicotinic synapses
salivation
sweating
diarrhea
urination
micturition
bronchoconstriction

benzodiazepines: actions
"ben scams pam into seduction not by brain but by muscle":
sedation
anti-convulsant
anti-anxiety
muscle relaxant
not by brain: no antipsychotic activity.


teratogenic drugs "w/ teratogenic":
warfarin
thalidomide
epileptic drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
retinoid
ace inhibitor
third element: lithium
ocp and other hormones (eg danazol)

gynaecomastia-causing drugs discos:
digoxin
isoniazid
spironolactone
cimetidine
oestrogens
stilboestrol

osmotic diuretics: members gum:
glycerol
urea
mannitol


antibiotics contraindicated during pregnancy mcat:
metronidazole
chloramphenicol
aminoglycoside
tetracycline


lithium: side effects lith:
leukocytosis
insipidus [diabetes insipidus, tied to polyuria]
tremor/ teratogenesis
hypothyroidism

Prednisone
Cortisone
Dexamethasone
...Your #1 anti-inflammatory corticosteroids end in ONE!

Mag Sulfate Toxicity
Blood pressure decreased
Urine output decreased (<30mL/hr)
Respirations <12
Patellar reflex absent
...d/c the MgSO4!

Pitocin side effects:
Pressure is elevated
Intake and output
Tetanic contractions (if >90sec, stop the pitocin!)
Oxygen decreased in fetus
Ccardiac dysrhythmias
Irregular FHR
Nausea and vomiting

NSAIDS
No alcohol
Side effects (teach them to report any dark tarry stools, coffee-ground or bloody emesis, GI distress, tinnitus) 
ASA sensitivity - do not give
Ibuprofen, indocin are a few examples
Do take with food
Stop 5-7 days before surgery

Al (boy) and Mag (girl)
Our instructor taught us: "Al (boy) is so full of s*** so his problem is constipation." I can't remember what she said about Mag, but since Al is constipated, Mag has the diarrhea 

Humulin Lispro (Humalog) - think "hoppy humalog" (rapid acting!)
what to do/look for:
Lipodystrophy
Insulin syringes only and draw up 1st
Staff education: Humalog isn't the same as Humulin!
Prefilled syringes stable for one week
Rapid action, have food nearby
Observe for hypoglycemia reactions

Insulin Glargine (Lantus) - "lazy lantus" (very slow acting)
Level relatively constant
Alert for name confusion with lente
Never mix with anything
Take once/day
Undesirable effects
Store in a cool place

Dilantin - Dial At Ten
Therapeutic level: 10-20mcg/mL (there is a TIN [TEN] in Dilantin)